Complications in Orthognathic Surgery: a retrospective study

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the incidence of complications in Orthognathic Surgeries and to correlate them with possible associated risk factors. Methodology: A retrospective analysis was conducted using medical records of patients who underwent Orthognathic Surgery at the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Service of the Hospital de Base do Distrito Federal between 2012 and 2019. A total of 90 surgeries met the inclusion criteria. Demographic variables, type of deformity, type of surgery, length of hospital stay, surgical time, and postoperative complications were analyzed. Results: The overall incidence of complications was 21%. The most frequent complications were infection (10%; n = 9), unfavorable mandibular fractures (4%; n = 4), and oroantral communication (2%; n = 2). No significant association was found between complications and gender, age, type of deformity, type of surgery, or length of hospital stay (p > 0.05). Surgical time for bimaxillary procedures was significantly longer in patients who developed complications (p = 0.02). Conclusion: Orthognathic Surgeries presented a complication rate consistent with the literature. Although most analyzed variables were not associated with the occurrence of complications, longer surgical time in bimaxillary procedures showed a significant relationship with the development of such events.