Masticatory behavior and pain after surgical treatment of mandibular fractures: a cross sectional study

Abstract

Introduction: Maxillofacial trauma is common, with the mandible being one of the most frequently fractured bones. Surgical intervention is often urgent but may result in complications such as chronic pain and masticatory limitations. Objective: To describe the main complaints after mandibular fracture surgery. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on individuals who underwent surgical treatment for traumatic mandibular fractures at a referral hospital in Bahia, Brazil. Questionnaires based on the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC-TMD) were administered via telephone, text message, or email. Four groups were categorized by postoperative months: A (1–4), B (5–7), C (8–10), and D (≥11) for analysis of pain and joint mobility. The description of parafunctional habits, masticatory dysfunction, and their associations was based on the unified sample. Results: A total of 289 subjects were evaluated. There was a high prevalence of parafunctional habits, reports of pain, reduced mandibular mobility, and masticatory dysfunction. The sensation of being able to fully open the mouth was a protective factor against orofacial pain, while headache was identified as a risk factor. Conclusion: Surgical treatment of mandibular fractures presents a complex prognosis; professionals should inform patients about potential complications and provide appropriate treatment and rehabilitation guidance.