Clinical and epidemiological profile of hospitalized children with congenital heart

Abstract

Objective: Describe the clinical and epidemiological profile of children with congenital heart diseases admitted between 2018 and 2019 to a referencial hospital in Pernambuco. Methods: Cross-sectional study involving 310 children with congenital cardiopathy. The data was obtained in the medical charts, using standardized forms. Tabulation was made in an Excel spreadsheet and descriptive statistical analysis done through SPSS 25 Software. Results: The average age was 21,69 months and most patients were male (55,5%). The main risk factors were infection during pregnancy (21,3%) and advanced age (15,8%). Among chronic diseases, hypertension (6,1%) and diabetes mellitus (4,2%) stood out. Predisposing factors related to the patient were prematurity (16,1%), low weight at birth (17,7%), trisomy 21 (17,7%) and extracardiac malformations (7,1%). Respiratory signs and symptoms were the main cause of hospitalization, such as dyspnea (55,8%), cough (30,3%) and changes in pulmonary auscultation (16,1%). Cyanosis also motivated admission (20,3%). Most patients presented heart murmur (80%). In a significant amount of cases, the diagnosis was made during the hospital admission (16,8%). Conclusion: the awareness about the profile of congenital heart diseases helps the diagnosis, and is necessary to expand scientific knowledge on this topic.