Pidemiological analysis of face bone fractures in a public hospital in northeast Brazil

Abstract

Bone fractures in the maxillofacial region are occurrences that can present themselves as urgent and/or emergencies in the routine of emergency care units and hospitals around the world, especially in locations with high rates of interpersonal violence and traffic violations. A large number of injuries to the face, both in soft and hard tissue, occur due to the enormous exposure and poor protection of this region, which often leads to serious injuries. Objective: This study aims to assess the prevalence of fractures in the maxillofacial complex in a public hospital, based on an epidemiological study, analyzing the factors related to the occurrence of trauma, etiological agent, fracture distribution, gender, and age of patients affected individuals. Methodology: This retrospective cross-sectional study evaluated 268 medical records of patients diagnosed with fractures of the facial bones treated at the Justino Luz Regional Hospital, located in the city of Picos, in the state of Piauí, Brazil, in January 2015 until January 2017, the medical records were analyzed in the medical file sector of the HRJL. Results: The most observed etiological factors were motorcycle accidents, followed by physical aggression and fall from own height, the most common type of fracture was the Orbit-zygomatic-Maxillary Complex (33,2%), followed by the mandible (23,7%) and the nose bonés (17%), being the male gender the most affected by fractures. Conclusion: from this study, we can conclude those motorcycle accidents are the main etiological factor related to facial fractures, with the male gender being the most affected and the most prevalent type of fracture was the fracture of the orbit-zygomatic-maxillary complex.